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[几何] 从$P^1$到$x^3+y^3=xy$的有理函数?

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hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-17 05:02 |Read mode
有理函数$(\frac{2x}{1+x^2},\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2})$是从$\Bbb R\cup\{\infty\}$到圆$x^2+y^2=1$的双射。
有理函数$(\frac{2x}{1-x^2},\frac{1+x^2}{1-x^2})$是从$\Bbb R\cup\{\infty\}$到双曲线$y^2-x^2=1$的双射。
有理函数$(x^2,x^3)$是从$\Bbb R\cup\{\infty\}$到$x^3=y^2$的双射。
math.stackexchange.com/a/1913785/745350
Another example is the curve $x^3+y^3=xy$ try to find the map birational map between this one and the line.

什么有理函数是从$\Bbb R\cup\{\infty\}$到$x^3+y^3=xy$的双射?

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-17 05:07

查到了:
Folium of Descartes  write $y = p x$ and solve for $x$ and $y$ in terms of $p$. This yields the rational parametric equations:$\left({{p} \over {1+p^{3}}},{{p^{2}} \over {1+p^{3}}}\right)$

从$P^1$到$x^3+y^3=xy$的有理映射:
$x\mapsto\left({{x} \over {1+x^{3}}},{{x^{2}} \over {1+x^{3}}}\right)$
逆映射:
$\frac yx\gets\kern-2pt\shortmid(x,y)$

Resolution of singularities
For example, a nodal curve such as $\displaystyle C=Z(x^{3}+y^{3}+z^{3}-xyz)\subset \mathbb {P} ^{2}$ is birational to $\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{1}$ since topologically it is an elliptic curve with one of the circles contracted.

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-17 05:17
Rational mapping不必在每个点都有定义

雙有理等價的定義較同構寬,因為我們容許態射在某維度較低的閉集上未定義

一個例子是 \(\mathbb{P}^2_k\) 與 \(X: xy-wz =0 \subset \mathbb{P}^3_k\),兩者雙有理等價,而並不同構。原因如下:\(\mathbb{P}^2_k\) 中的任兩條閉曲線都有交點,而在 \(X\) 中,\(w=x=0\) 與 \(y=z=0\) 不相交,因而 \(X\) 與 \(\mathbb{P}^2_k\) 並不同構。

另一方面,\(X\) 的函數域可以在仿射開集 \(w \neq 0\) 上計算,此開集的座標環是 \(k[x,y,z]/(xy-z) \simeq k[x,y]\),其函數域是 \(k(x,y)\);這也是 \(\mathbb{P}^2_k\) 的函數域,於是二者雙有理等價。若細審上述論證,事實上能寫出所求雙有理等價的式子。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-17 05:20
hbghlyj 发表于 2024-3-16 21:17
在 \(X\) 中,\(w=x=0\) 與 \(y=z=0\) 不相交


因為,\(w=x=0\) 與 \(y=z=0\) 的交點將=(0,0,0,0),是不行的

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-17 05:23
hbghlyj 发表于 2024-3-16 21:17
若細審上述論證,事實上能寫出所求雙有理等價的式子。


感覺應該是:

$(x,y)\mapsto(x,y,xy,1)$
$(x,y)\gets\kern-2pt\shortmid(x,y,z,w)$

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