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[几何] 直角三角形的投影

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hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-8 03:55 |Read mode
一个三角形$ABC$在xy、xz平面上的投影是$A'B'C'$和$A''B''C''$。
若$A'C'=A''C'',B'C'=B''C'',\angle A'C'B'+\angle A''C''B''=\pi$,
则$ABC$是直角三角形,$ABC$在yz平面上的投影也是直角三角形。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-8 04:00
设$A'B'C'$的边长为$a,b,c$,
则$A''B''C''$的边长为$a,b,\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}$,
用Mathematica计算验证:设$C$为原点,$A$的坐标为A1,A2,A3,$B$的坐标为B1,B2,B3,\begin{align}
\text{A1}^2+\text{A2}^2=\text{A1}^2+\text{A3}^2&=a^2 \\
\text{B1}^2+\text{B2}^2=\text{B1}^2+\text{B3}^2&=b^2 \\
(\text{A1}-\text{B1})^2+(\text{A2}-\text{B2})^2&=c^2 \\
(\text{A1}-\text{B1})^2+(\text{A3}-\text{B3})^2&=2 a^2+2 b^2-c^2 \\
\end{align}
  1. {A1 B1, A2 B2 + A3 B3} /.
  2.   Solve[{A1^2 + A2^2 == A1^2 + A3^2 == a^2,
  3.     B1^2 + B2^2 == B1^2 + B3^2 == b^2, (A1 - B1)^2 + (A2 - B2)^2 ==
  4.      c^2, (A1 - B1)^2 + (A3 - B3)^2 == 2 a^2 + 2 b^2 - c^2}, {A1, A2,
  5.     A3, B1, B2, B3}] // FullSimplify
Copy the Code

输出
{{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}}
所以$ABC$是直角三角形,$ABC$在yz平面上的投影也是直角三角形。
Screenshot 2024-04-07 210253.png

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-8 04:11
懂了。👌
由(1)(2)得$\text{A2}=\pm\text{A3},\text{B2}=\pm\text{B3}$,
设$\text{A2}=\text{A3},\text{B2}= -\text{B3}$,则 A2 B2 + A3 B3 = 0,$A'C'\perp B'C'$.
由(3)+(4)得$2(\text{A1} - \text{B1})^2 + (\text{A2} - \text{B2})^2  + (\text{A3}- \text{B3})^2=2a^2+2b^2=2\text{A1}^2+2\text{B1}^2+\text{A2}^2+\text{B2}^2+\text{A3}^2+\text{B3}^2$
刚好消去平方项,得 -2 A1 B1 + A2 B2 + A3 B3 = 0,即A1 B1 = 0
所以A1 B1 + A2 B2 + A3 B3 = 0,$AC\perp BC$.

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