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[函数] 证明函数有界

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hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-16 01:31 |Read mode
本帖最后由 hbghlyj 于 2024-12-5 23:54 编辑 $f(x):[0,1]\setminus\{21/47\}\to\Bbb R$定义为$$\frac{47x-21}
{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{x (x+7)}+\sqrt{14} \sqrt{x (x+15)}+2 \sqrt{21} \sqrt{x (x+20)}-42}$$
证明$f(x)$有界。(在$x=21/47$时,分母为0.)
wolframalpha.com/input?i=%2847x-21%29%2F%28-42+%2B+Sqrt%5B6%5D+S ... here+0%3C%3Dx%3C%3D1
download.gif
只需证明在$x=21/47$时,$f(x)$有界。怎么证明呢?
math.stackexchange.com/questions/4899584/quotient-of-radical-exp ... ties/5007778#5007778

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-16 01:33
$f(x)$可以写成分母不为0的形式吗

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kuing Post time 2024-4-18 12:45
只证明有界的话
\begin{align*}
&\sqrt6\sqrt{x(x+7)}+\sqrt{14}\sqrt{x(x+15)}+2\sqrt{21}\sqrt{x(x+20)}-42\\
={}&\frac{210}{47}+\frac{53}{10}\left(x-\frac{21}{47}\right)+\frac{462}{47}+\frac{249}{22}\left(x-\frac{21}{47}\right)+\frac{1302}{47}+\frac{982}{31}\left(x-\frac{21}{47}\right)+O\left(x-\frac{21}{47}\right)-42\\
={}&\frac{1752}{1705}(47x-21)+O\left(x-\frac{21}{47}\right),
\end{align*}
所以那是可去间断点。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 20:15
可以推广:
正数$a,b,c$,
$x_1$是$a^2 (b^2 (c - x)^2 - 2 b c x (c + x) + c^2 x^2) - 2 a b c x (b (c + x) + c x) + b^2 c^2 x^2$的较小的根,
则$x_1$是$\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}-\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}=0$的根。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 20:22
$a=1,b=6,c=14$时,分子(二次函数)展开为:$16 (47 x - 21) (5 x - 21)$

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 20:26
它的根$21/5$代入$-\sqrt{a b x(a+b+x)}-\sqrt{a c x(a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x(b+c+x)}-\sqrt{a b c(a+b+c)}$得到:
\[\frac{5x-21}{-\sqrt{6} \sqrt{x (x+7)}-\sqrt{14} \sqrt{x (x+15)}+2 \sqrt{21} \sqrt{x (x+20)}-42}\]
wolframalpha.com/input?i=%285x-21%29%2F%28-42+-+Sqrt%5B6%5D+Sqrt ... ere+0%3C%3Dx%3C%3D10

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 21:43
kuing 发表于 2024-4-18 04:45
只证明有界的话


另一种证明有界的方法:由这帖,可以乘以7个共轭式把分母变成多项式,然后$(47x-21)$就消掉了
$$\frac{47x-21}
{\sqrt{6} \sqrt{x (x+7)}+\sqrt{14} \sqrt{x (x+15)}+2 \sqrt{21} \sqrt{x (x+20)}-42}=\frac{P_2(x)}{Q_2(x)}$$
$\frac{21}{47}$ 不是$Q_2(x)$的根(因为$(47x-21)$被消掉了),所以$\frac{P_2(x)}{Q_2(x)}$在$\frac{21}{47}$连续。

代入$a=1,b=6,c=14$可以把$P_2(x)$、$Q_2(x)$写出:
$P_2(x)=(47x-21)$
$\times\left(-\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}-\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(-\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}+\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}-\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(-\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}+\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}-\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}+\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}-\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}+\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}+\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}-\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$
$\times\left(\sqrt{a b c (a+b+c)}+\sqrt{a b x (a+b+x)}-\sqrt{a c x (a+c+x)}+\sqrt{b c x (b+c+x)}\right)$

$Q_2(x)=(a+b+c+x)^3$
$\times16 (5 x - 21)$
$\times\left(x^3 \left(a^2 (b-c)^2-2 a b c (b+c)+b^2 c^2\right)-a b c x \left(2 a^2 (b+c)+a \left(2 b^2-3 b c+2 c^2\right)+2 b c (b+c)\right)+a^2 b^2 c^2 (a+b+c)+x^2 \left(a^3 (b-c)^2+a^2 (b+c)^3+a b c \left(-2 b^2+3 b c-2 c^2\right)+b^2 c^2 (b+c)\right)\right)$

这里的$16 (5 x - 21)$是原来的二次式除以$(47x-21)$的商。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 21:51
总结一下:连续函数$P_1(x),Q_1(x),P_2(x),Q_2(x)$如果成立恒等式$\frac{P_1(x)}
{Q_1(x)}=\frac{P_2(x)}{Q_2(x)}$,且$Q_1(x)$与$Q_2(x)$没有公共根,则$\frac{P_1(x)}
{Q_1(x)}$的间断点可去。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-4-18 21:53
hbghlyj 发表于 2024-4-15 17:33
$f(x)$可以写成分母不为0的形式吗


可以!
因为$f(x)=\frac{P_1(x)}{Q_1(x)}=\frac{P_2(x)}{Q_2(x)}$且$Q_1(x)$与$Q_2(x)$没有公共根,所以
$$f(x)=\frac{P_1(x)Q_1(x)+P_2(x)Q_2(x)}{Q_1(x)^2+Q_2(x)^2}$$的分母恒为正。

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