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[数论] 判定整数值多项式

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hbghlyj posted 2023-3-14 19:11 |Read mode
MSE - Avoiding brute force: determining when a specific polynomial in Q[x] is an integer for any integer x
对于任何 $d$ 次多项式 $f(n)$,如果对于某个整数 $k$
$$f(k),f(k+1),…,f(k+d-1)$$
都是整数,那么对于所有整数 $n$,多项式取整数值。
使用差分表将 $f$ 表示为多项式$x \choose k$的 $\Bbb Z$-线性组合。公式是\[f(x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \Delta^k\!f(0) {x \choose k}\]其中$\Delta^k\!f(0)$当$k>d$时等于0,所以和式只有有限的非零项。

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