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三次函数上三个共线的点作切线与曲线的交点共线
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_function#Collinearities
The tangent lines to the graph of a cubic function at three collinear points intercept the cubic again at collinear points. This can be seen as follows.
As this property is invariant under a rigid motion, one may suppose that the function has the form
$$f(x)=x^3+px$$
If $α$ is a real number, then the tangent to the graph of $f$ at the point $(α,f(α))$ is the line
$$(x,f(α)+(x−α)f'(α)):x∈\Bbb R$$
So, the intersection point between this line and the graph of $f$ can be obtained solving the equation $f(x)=f(α)+(x−α)f'(α)$, that is
$$x^3+px=\alpha^3+p\alpha+ (x-\alpha)(3\alpha^2+p),$$
which can be rewritten
$$x^3 - 3\alpha^2 x +2\alpha^3=0,$$
and factorized as
$$(x-\alpha)^2(x+2\alpha)=0.$$
So, the tangent intercepts the cubic at
$$(-2\alpha, -8\alpha^3-2p\alpha)=(-2\alpha, -8f(\alpha)+6p\alpha).$$
So, the function that maps a point $(x,y)$ of the graph to the other point where the tangent intercepts the graph is
$$(x,y)\mapsto (-2x, -8y+6px).$$
This is an affine transformation that transforms collinear points into collinear points. This proves the claimed result. |
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