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[概率/统计] 独立事件的概率应用

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走走看看 Posted 2024-5-27 10:15 |Read mode
Last edited by hbghlyj 2025-3-17 00:523.拋掷 一枚质地均匀的硬市 $n(n \geq 2)$ 次,记事件 $A=$"$n$ 次中至多有一次反面朝上",事件 $B=$"$n$ 次中全部正面朝上或全部反面朝上",若 $A$ 与 $B$ 独立,则 $n$ 的值为()
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

这里的AB事件是指什么事件?它的概率如何计算?

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 Author| 走走看看 Posted 2024-5-27 10:19
我觉得n=2,但答案是n=3。

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kuing Posted 2024-5-27 10:56
事件 AB 就是要满足“至多一次反”并且“全正或全反”,那显然就相当于“全正”呗,所以
\begin{align*}
P(A)&=\frac{n+1}{2^n},\\
P(B)&=\frac1{2^{n-1}},\\
P(AB)&=\frac1{2^n},
\end{align*}
因此
\[\frac1{2^n}=\frac{n+1}{2^n}\cdot\frac1{2^{n-1}}\iff2^{n-1}=n+1\riff n=3.\]

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佩服!不愧是大师。💯  Posted 2024-5-27 11:13

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