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[几何] 向量最值 $\bm a\cdot\bm c=\bm b\cdot\bm c=3,...$

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敬畏数学 Posted 2016-12-30 17:08 |Read mode
非零向量a,b,c,a*c=b*c=3,|a-b|=|c|=2,则a*b的最小值——————?

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kuing Posted 2016-12-30 18:15
令 $\bm x=4\bm a-3\bm c$,则由条件易得 $\bm x\cdot\bm c=0=(\bm a-\bm b)\cdot\bm c$,因此
\begin{align*}
\bm a\cdot\bm b&=\bm a\cdot(\bm a+\bm b-\bm a) \\
&=\left( \frac{\bm x+3\bm c}4 \right)^2+\frac{\bm x+3\bm c}4\cdot(\bm b-\bm a) \\
&=\frac{\bm x^2}{16}+\frac94+\frac{\bm x}4\cdot(\bm b-\bm a) \\
&\geqslant \frac{\bm x^2}{16}+\frac94-\frac{\abs{\bm x}}2 \\
&=\left( \frac{\abs{\bm x}}4-1 \right)^2+\frac54 \\
&\geqslant \frac54,
\end{align*}
当 $\bm a=(3/2,1)$, $\bm b=(3/2,-1)$, $\bm c=(2,0)$ 时满足条件且 $\bm a\cdot\bm b=5/4$,所以最小值就是 $5/4$。

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kuing Posted 2016-12-30 23:17
咦,其实为啥不对称地再令 $y=4b-3c$ 呢?对称一下应该会更加简洁,
试过即知上面的解法可以扔掉了,看下面的:

令 $\bm x=4\bm a-3\bm c$, $\bm y=4\bm b-3\bm c$,则由条件易得 $\bm x\cdot\bm c=\bm y\cdot\bm c=0$,且 $\abs{\bm x-\bm y}=4\abs{\bm a-\bm b}=8$,因此
\[\bm a\cdot\bm b=\frac{\bm x+3\bm c}4\cdot\frac{\bm y+3\bm c}4
=\frac{\bm x\cdot\bm y+36}{16}
\geqslant \frac{-\frac14(\bm x-\bm y)^2+36}{16}=\frac54,\]

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其妙 Posted 2017-2-26 00:10
建立坐标系,无需动脑,水到渠成的解决此题

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游客 Posted 2017-2-28 10:49
未命名1.PNG

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 Author| 敬畏数学 Posted 2017-2-28 11:05
回复 4# 其妙
OK!

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 Author| 敬畏数学 Posted 2017-2-28 11:06
回复 5# 游客
厉害!大牛。。。

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走走看看 Posted 2017-10-26 09:32
Last edited by 走走看看 2022-3-4 22:25回复 5# 游客

OA、OB与OC的夹角并不要求相同吗?

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游客 Posted 2017-10-26 10:25
回复 8# 走走看看


    只知道AB=2,位置可以上下移动的。

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走走看看 Posted 2017-10-26 11:03
谢谢!

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 Author| 敬畏数学 Posted 2017-10-26 11:51
回复 2# kuing
太神了!

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