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[几何] 沿着固定直线滚动椭圆,其焦点的轨迹

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hbghlyj Post time 2020-1-20 22:00 |Read mode
本帖最后由 hbghlyj 于 2024-3-21 20:20 编辑 delaunay1[1].gif
将一椭圆在其平面的一定直线上无滑滚动。
证明:其焦点所画的平面曲线的曲率半径$R$、法线长$N$必满足关系式\[\frac1R\pm\frac1N=\text{const.}\]
证明:将此曲线在定直线的周围回转时,所生成的旋转面有一定的平均曲率。

相关:The Roulettes of the conics
Roulette with linear base
Delaunay roulette

The surfaces of Delaunay
$type BF03023575.pdf (1.3 MB, Downloads: 1)

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-21 09:00
hbghlyj 发表于 2020-1-20 14:00
证明:将此曲线在定直线的周围回转时,所生成的旋转面有一定的平均曲率。

找到一个资料:Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces - Mathematical Institute
We can construct surfaces of revolution of constant mean curvature by rotating a special type of curve around the z axis. Such curves are either "catenary curves", "elliptic catenary curves", or "hyperbolic catenary curves".

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-21 09:00
本帖最后由 hbghlyj 于 2024-3-21 20:29 编辑 Roulettes of conics, Delaunay surfaces and applications
Roulette-of-an-ellipse-E-F-1-and-F-2-are-the-foci-of-E-l-is-the-locus.png
由椭圆的性质,\begin{align}
\left|F_1 O\right|+\left|F_2 O\right|&=2 a \\
\left|F_1 O_1\right|\left|F_2 O_2\right|&=y \tilde{y}=b^2
\end{align}
设曲线在$F_1$的切线$T$与水平线的夹角为$\phi$.
由于$F_1$在这一时刻绕$O$旋转,必有$F_1O\perp \text{曲线的切线}T$,因此$\angle OF_1O_1=\phi$,
由椭圆的光学性质直线$F_1O,F_2O$关于x轴对称。(上图不精确,直线$F_1O,F_2O$应该关于x轴对称。)
故$\angle OF_2O_2=\angle OF_1O_1=\phi$.
\begin{align}
&y=\left|F_1 O\right| \cos \phi\\
&\tilde{y}=\left|F_2 O\right| \cos \phi
\end{align}
把(3),(4)代入(1)得
\[y+\tilde{y}=2 a \cos \phi\]
由(2)得$\tilde{y}=\frac{b^2}{y}$,代入上式得
\[y+\frac{b^2}{y}=2 a \cos \phi\]

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-22 02:51
hbghlyj 发表于 2020-1-20 14:00
其焦点所画的平面曲线的曲率半径$R$、法线长$N$必满足关系式\[\frac1R\pm\frac1N=\text{const.}\]

法线长$N=|OF_1|=\dfrac{y}{\cos\phi}=\dfrac{2ay^2}{b^2+y^2}$
曲率半径$R=\dfrac{2ay^2}{y^2-b^2}$
$\implies\dfrac1R-\dfrac1N=\dfrac{2y^2}{2ay^2}=\dfrac1a$

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-22 04:01
hbghlyj 发表于 2024-3-21 18:51
曲率半径$R=\dfrac{2ay^2}{y^2-b^2}$

🤔这步如何证明?
也就是$R=\dfrac{2ay}{y-\tilde{y}}$

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