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[几何] 凹蚶線

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hbghlyj posted 2021-6-1 15:43 |Read mode
Last edited by hbghlyj 2021-6-1 15:50 sm_21_07_1_01.gif
上圖顯示蚶線 $r= 2\cos \theta +3$。 在左側部分,呈「凹入」的現象,但這不是普遍現象。 事實上,當 2a < k < 4a 時,蚶線 $r=2a\cos\theta+k$ 有凹入現象,稱為凹蚶線; 但當 $k \leq 4a$ 時,蚶線 $r=2a\cos\theta+k$ 就不再有凹入現象了, 稱為凸蚶線。
——引自这里
如何证明「凹、凸的分別在於 k 是否大於 4a」呢
非常简单.$f(\theta )=2 a \cos ^2\theta +k \cos \theta $,则$f^{\prime\prime}(\pi )=-4 a + k$.

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