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完全立方公式或者立方差公式`a^3-6ab-b^3=8`

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isee Posted 2021-8-12 09:25 |Read mode
被问到一道题若`a^3-6ab-b^3=8`,求证:`a-b=2`.

欲证`a-b=2`需证`(a-b)^3=8`即需证`a^3-b^3-3ab(a-b)=8`亦是`a^3-6ab-b^3=8`,这就是条件,得证.

这看着挺好的,但觉得不妥.

正向“走一走"

\begin{align*}
a^3-6ab-b^3&=8\\
(a-b)^3-8+3ab(a-b)-6ab&=0\\
(a-b-2)\left((a-b)^2+2(a-b)+4\right)+3ab(a-b-2)&=0\\
(a-b-2)(a^2+ab+b^2+2a-2b+4)&=0
\end{align*}

于是`a-b=2`或者`a^2+ab+b^2+2a-2b+4=0`,对第二个式子配方即\[\left(a+\frac b2+1\right)^2+\frac 34(b-2)^2=0,\]这就明了,还有一种情况`a=-2,b=2`并不满足`a-b=2`,也就是原题需要加个条件,如正实数`a,b`等等.

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色k Posted 2021-8-12 12:11
条件即 `a^3+(-b)^3+(-2)^3-3a(-b)(-2)=0`,
熟知 `x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\frac12(x+y+z)\sum(x-y)^2`,
故在实数范围内 `x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\iff x+y+z=0~\text{or}~x=y=z`,
回原题即 `a-b-2=0~\text{or}~a=-b=-2`。

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 Author| isee Posted 2021-8-12 16:21
回复 2# 色k


果然~一眼看尽~

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 Author| isee Posted 2021-8-23 23:45
回复 3# isee


按这个,就是说\[2a^2+2ab+2b^2+4a-4b+8=(a-b)^2+(a+2)^2+(b-2)^2=0.\]

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 Author| isee Posted 2021-8-23 23:51
回复 1# isee

对于\[a^2+ab+b^2+2a-2b+4=0,\]这种式子的处理,我一向是拉格朗日配方法优先的,这几天思考着,如何仅从初高衔接角度是否可解,于是想到
\begin{align*}
0&=a^2+ab+b^2+2a-2b+4\\
&=a^2+(b+2)a+b^2-2b+4\\
\Delta&=(b-2)^2-4(b^2-2b+4)\\
&=-3(b-2)^2\\
&\leqslant 0
\end{align*}
于是当且仅当`b=2`时,此二元二次方程有解.

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