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[几何] 极点极线如何解释?

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力工 posted 2022-3-21 22:25 |Read mode
请教2022届川师大附中月考题的解释:
作椭圆$\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{8}=1$上点$P$处的切线分别交直线$l_{1}:x=1,l_{2}:x=9$于点$A,B$,点$N(1,0)$,则$PN\perp NB$,且$\dfrac{|AN|}{|NB|}=\dfrac{1}{3}$恒成立。

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kuing posted 2022-3-21 23:35
几何法瞬间搞定,为啥要用极点极线……

首先 `PN\perp NB` 就懒得码字了,直接截《圆锥曲线的几何性质》里的:
捕获.PNG
(图中 S 为焦点)
那么当弦变为切线时,即 `P`, `P'` 重合,平分外角就变成了垂直于 `SP`。

然后那个比例,作 `PH` 垂直于 `x=9` 如下图,有
\[\frac{AN}{NB}=\frac{\sin\angle NBA}{\sin\angle NAB}=\frac{\sin\angle NBA}{\sin\angle PBH}=\frac{PN}{PH}=e=\frac13.\]
捕获2.PNG

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original poster 力工 posted 2022-3-21 23:50
回复 2# kuing
高!只注意到了点$(1,0)$的极线是$x=9$,点P的极线是切线。没想到第二定义,断片。

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