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2.4 The Laplace Transform of a derivative
The way the LT acts on a derivative makes it a powerful tool for solving differential equations.
Proposition 44 (the LT of a derivative). Provided that the LTs of $f(x)$ and $f^{\prime}(x)$ converge, and that $f(x) \mathrm{e}^{-p x} \rightarrow 0$ as $x \rightarrow \infty,$6 all holding for $\operatorname{Re}(p)>p_0$,
\[
\mathcal{L} f^{\prime}=\overline{f^{\prime}}(p)=p \bar{f}(p)-f(0) .
\]
Proof. We integrate by parts:
\[
\begin{aligned}
\mathcal{L} f^{\prime} &=\int_0^{\infty} f^{\prime}(x) \mathrm{e}^{-p x} \mathrm{~d} x \\
&=\left[f(x) \mathrm{e}^{-p x}\right]_0^{\infty}+\int_0^{\infty} f(x) \cdot p \mathrm{e}^{-p x} \mathrm{~d} x \\
&=p \bar{f}(p)-f(0) .
\end{aligned}
\]
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6 Exercise: think of an integrable function which does not satisfy this condition for any $p$. The point? It is not true that if a function is integrable then it must vanish at infinity. [Hint: think of narrow top-hats near integer values of $x$.] |
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