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[几何] 笛沙格对合定理的对偶

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hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 02:49 |Read mode
纯几何吧 搬来一帖子:
一个点与一个完全四线形的三双对顶点的连线和从该点向内切于该 四线形的圆锥曲线所引的切线构成一个对合的四个射线偶。
DECFPBAXY
又见AoPS On the Desargues' Involution Theorem
Theorem 2.5 (Dual of Desargues' Involution Theorem). Let $P, A, B, C, D$ be points on a plane with $\overline{A B} \cap \overline{C D}=E, \overline{A D} \cap \overline{B C}=F$. Let a conic $\mathcal{C}$ tangent to lines $A B, C D, A D, B C$. Let $\overline{P X}, \overline{P Y}$ are the tangent line from $P$ to $\mathcal{C}$. Then $(\overline{P X}, \overline{P Y}),(\overline{P A}, \overline{P C}),(\overline{P B}, \overline{P D}),(\overline{P E}, \overline{P F})$ are reciprocal pairs of some involution on pencil of lines pass through $P$.

Proof. Take a pole-polar transformation with respect to $\mathcal{C}$, this is equivalent to Desargues' Involution Theorem. $\square$
又见yau-awards第10页
the corresponding theorem after a duality transformation also holds true: Pascal is the dual of Brianchon, and dDIT is the dual of DIT. For dDIT, we have an involution on the pencil centered at $P$ with reciprocal pairs $P(A C)(B D)(E F)(\omega)$ where $P(\omega)$ denotes two tangents from $P$ to $\omega$.
artofproblemsolving.com/community/c738838h1806500
math.stackexchange.com/questions/4003689/prove-sfg-is-tangent-to-abc
mathoverflow.net/questions/70226/how-to-solve-geometry-problems-using-involutions

YouTube

[*]Examples on the Dual of Desargues' Theorem [*]LIVESTREAM GEO #87A: Trivialized by the Dual Desargues ... [*]LIVESTREAM GEO#92A: Another Problem Trivialized by the Dual Desargues Involution Theorem!

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 03:42
例题:kuing.cjhb.site/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=10542
如图, $OC,OD$ 是 $\angle AOB$ 的一对等角线, $AC$ 与 $BD$ 交于点 $E,$ $AD$ 与 $BC$ 交于点 $F,$ 则 $OE,OF$ 也是 $\angle AOB$ 的一对等角线.

证明:
A,B、C,D、E,F为一个完全四线形的三双对顶点,根据笛沙格对合定理的对偶,存在一个直线对合f,
f(OA)=OB,f(OC)=OD,f(OE)=OF.

“关于角AOB平分线对称”是一个对合g.
由于OA,OB、OC,OD为等角线,g(OA)=OB,g(OC)=OD.
f(OA)=g(OA)、f(OC)=g(OC)这两个条件唯一确定了对合,所以f=g,所以g(OE)=OF,即OE,OF为等角线。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 04:09
例题:从 纯几何吧 2371 [专题]等角共轭  28楼2019-02-07 16:45 搬来:
牛顿定理:切四边形的圆锥曲线的中心在该四边形的牛顿线上。 d0fd0c6eddc451dacd832d35bbfd5266d116329b.jpg

完全四边形ABCDEF,求证:切四边形的圆锥曲线的中心O在牛顿线LMN上。 2004040017b854516e421f5052.png

证明:设P为牛顿线LMN方向的无穷远点,PT1、PT2是切四边形的圆锥曲线的切线。
那么直线PA、PB、PC、PD、PE、PF、PT1、PT2平行于牛顿线LMN.
因为L是AB中点,所以PA,PB关于LMN对称,同理PC,PD、PE,PF关于LMN对称.
设g是一个对合“关于LMN对称”,则g(PA)=PB,g(PC)=PD,g(PE)=PF.
对P和完全四边形ABCDEF用笛沙格对合定理的对偶,存在一个直线对合f,
f(PA)=PB,f(PC)=PD,f(PE)=PF,f(PT1)=PT2.

f(PA)=g(PA)、f(PC)=g(PC)这两个条件唯一确定了对合,所以f=g,所以g(PT1)=PT2,所以LMN经过T1T2的中点O.
2004040017528db3dcffb8f250.png

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 04:32
例题:圆外切四边形 $A B C D$ 的密克点为 $M$,证明∠AMI=∠CMI.
2004040009948c99a4b3e1d885.jpg
这个用对合怎么证?说明对合的对称轴是MI即可。
作圆的切线MP、MQ.
根据笛沙格对合定理的对偶,存在一个直线对合f,
f(MA)=MC,f(MB)=MD,f(ME)=MF,f(MP)=MQ.

因为M是密克点,有∠AMB=∠DMC.
“关于角AMC平分线对称”是一个对合g,g(MA)=MC,g(MB)=MD.
f(MA)=g(MA)、f(MB)=g(MB)这两个条件唯一确定了对合,所以f=g,
所以g(MP)=MQ,那么对合的对称轴为∠MPQ平分线MI,所以∠AMI=∠CMI.

如果没说M是密克点,只有∠AMB=∠DMC呢?一样地,作出切线,对合依然在。


例题:如图, $\triangle A B C$ 的内切圆 $\odot I$ 切 $B C$ 于 $D, D L$ 是 $\odot I$ 的直径, 过 $A$ 作直线交 $\odot I$ 于 $M, N$, 且 $I M \px N L$. 求证: $\angle B M I=\angle I M C$.
200404001538e6456be2eb5f9a.jpg
通过平行的条件,导角说明AMD平分线是M处切线,然后把上题的那个M移到这个圆上就好了

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 05:01
例题:USAMO-2012-notes(PDFTeX)第9页 §2.2 USAMO 2012/5
Let $P$ be a point in the plane of $\triangle ABC$,
and $\gamma$ a line through $P$.
Let $A'$, $B'$, $C'$ be the points where the
reflections of lines $PA$, $PB$, $PC$ with respect to $\gamma$
intersect lines $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ respectively.
Prove that $A'$, $B'$, $C'$ are collinear.
import graph; import geometry;  unitsize(0.5 cm);  pair[] A, B, C; pair P, R;  A[0] = (2,12); B[0] = (0,0); C[0] = (14,0); P = (4,5); R = 5*dir(70); A[1] = extension(B[0],C[0],P,reflect(P + R,P - R)*(A[0])); B[1] = extension(C[0],A[0],P,reflect(P + R,P - R)*(B[0])); C[1] = extension(A[0],B[0],P,reflect(P + R,P - R)*(C[0]));  draw((P - R)--(P + R),red); draw(A[1]--B[1]--C[1]--cycle,blue); draw(A[0]--B[0]--C[0]--cycle); draw(A[0]--P); draw(B[0]--P); draw(C[0]--P); draw(P--A[1]); draw(P--B[1]); draw(P--C[1]); draw(A[1]--B[0]); draw(A[1]--B[0]);  label("$A$", A[0], N); label("$B$", B[0], S); label("$C$", C[0], SE); dot("$A'$", A[1], SW); dot("$B'$", B[1], NE); dot("$C'$", C[1], W); dot("$P$", P, S); label("$\gamma$", P + R, N);
Second solution (Desargues involution).
设 $C'' = \overline{A'B'} \cap \overline{AB}$.
对完全四线形 $ABCA'B'C''$ 用笛沙格定理的对偶,存在对合 $\tau$ 交换$(PA,PA')$, $(PB,PB')$, $(PC,PC'')$.
由于$(PA,PA')$, $(PB,PB')$关于 $\gamma$ 对称,这个 $\tau$ 就是关于 $\gamma$ 对称,所以 $C'' = C$.

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 05:22
例题:Poncelet's Porism artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1226573p6939973
设 $\triangle A B C, \triangle D E F$ 内接于圆 $\Gamma$ 且外切于圆 $\omega$.
设 $EF$ 与圆 $\omega$ 切于 $L$,设 $BC$ 与圆 $\omega$ 切于 $K$.
设 $AL$ 交圆 $P$ 于 $N$,设 $DK$ 交圆 $P$ 于 $M$.
证明: $A M, E F, B C, D N$ 共点。

证明:对四边形 $DELF$ 内切圆 $\omega$ 及点 $A$ 用笛沙格对合定理的对偶,
存在对合,交换 $(A D, A L),(A E, A F),(A B, A C)$,
所以存在圆 $\Gamma$ 上的对合,交换 $(B, C),(D, N),(E, F)$,则 $BC, EF, ND$ 共点。
同理 $B C, E F, A M$ 共点。
命题得证。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 06:20
Example 3.3 (Taiwan TST3 2014 P3). Let $M$ be any point on the circumcircle of $\triangle A B C$. Suppose the tangents from $M$ to the incircle meet $B C$ at two points $X_1$ and $X_2$. Prove that the circumcircle of $\triangle M X_1 X_2$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle A B C$ again at the tangency point of the $A$-mixtilinear incircle.

M是△ABC外接圆上一点,过M作内切圆的两条切线交直线BC于$X_1,X_2$.
$T$是A-伪内切圆切点。证明:$MX_1TX_2$共圆。
证明:设 $M A$ 交 $B C$ 于 $K$.
设内切圆在 $B C$ 上的切点为 $D$.
这帖知 $∠BTD = ∠CTA$,所以 $AA'\px BC$.
$\because \angle M T A^{\prime}=\angle M A A^{\prime}=\angle K ,\quad \therefore M  D T K$ 共圆.
对四边形 $A B D C$ 及点 $M$ 用笛沙格对合定理的对偶,可知 $(M A, M D),(M B, M C),(M X_1, M X_2)$ 是同一对合的三组对应线,
$\therefore(K, D),(B, C),(X_1,X_2)$ 是同一对合的三组对应点。
$\because P B \cdot P C=P M \cdot P T=P D \cdot P K$
$\therefore P$ 是对合中心(即反演中心)
$\therefore P X_1 \cdot P X_2=P B \cdot P C=P M \cdot P T$
$\therefore M X_1 T X_2$ 共圆。

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 Author| hbghlyj Post time 2024-3-9 06:41
intersect on Euler line
artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h623918p3734836
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcenter $O$. $D,E,F$ are the midpoints of $BC,CA,AB$, respectively. $AO$ cut $(O)$ at $M$, $AD$ cut $(O)$ at $D_1$, $MD$ cut $(O)$ at $D_2$
Similarly, We have $E_1,E_2,F_1,F_2$
Prove that $D_1D_2,E_1E_2,F_1F_2$ intersect on Euler line of triangle $ABC$.

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