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交换$\lim_{n→∞}$和$\intⅆx$

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hbghlyj 发表于 2023-2-14 02:53 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 hbghlyj 于 2023-2-14 11:16 编辑 2021 Integration 3
Q5.
a) Show that $0≤\frac{x}{1+x^α}≤1$ for $α>1, x≥0$,
b) Deduce that
\[
\lim_{n→∞}\int_0^{2π} \frac{n x \sin x}{1+n^α x^α}ⅆx=0
\]

我的想法:
a)
Clearly $\frac{x}{1+x^α}≥0$. To prove $\frac{x}{1+x^α}≤1$, multiply by $1+x^α>0$, we get $x-1≤x^α$.
If $x≤1$, we have $x-1≤0≤x^α$; if $x>1$, since $α>1$, we have $x-1\lt x\lt x^α$.
b)
Replace $x$ with $nx$, we get $0≤\frac{nx}{1+n^αx^α}≤1$. So
\[
\int_0^{2π} \frac{n x{|\sin x|}}{1+n^α x^α}ⅆx≤\int_0^{2π}{|\sin x|}ⅆx=2π
\]
只证明了绝对值小于$2π$, 如何证明趋于零呢?

我有一个想法: 当$x$固定时,$$\lim_{n→∞}\frac{nx\sin x}{1+(nx)^α}=0$$交换$\lim$和$\int$得,积分当$n→∞$的极限为零
这个对吗? 交换$\lim_{n→∞}$和$\intⅆx$的条件是什么呢? 正在搜寻...
搜到了: Dominated convergence theorem
那么恰好用上(a)了, 证明完了

可能相关: math.stackexchange.com/questions/1580090/

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Czhang271828 发表于 2023-2-14 21:52
为啥特地把 $\mathrm{d}$ 写作 $\dfrac{\mathbb d+\mathit{d}}{2}$ ?

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 楼主| hbghlyj 发表于 2023-2-14 22:00
Czhang271828 发表于 2023-2-14 14:52
为啥特地把 $\mathrm{d}$ 写作 $\dfrac{\mathbb d+\mathit{d}}{2}$ ?
In Mathematica,
∫ f ⅆx is by default interpreted as Integrate[f,x]. Screenshot 2023-02-14 at 12-09-46 MathJax.png
使用[esc]dd[esc]输入: Screenshot 2023-02-14 at 12-09-46 MathJax.png

可能是因为
reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialD.html
reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DifferentialD.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ⅆ
Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode Letterlike Symbols block
Screenshot 2023-02-14 at 14-10-17 The Unicode Standard Version 15.0 - U2100.pdf.png
MathML2 Chapter2 MathML Fundamentals - W3C
MathML also introduces entities like ⅆ (U+2146) representing a "differential d", which renders with slightly different spacing in print and can be ...
3.2.5.6 Names for other special operators
MathML also includes ⅆ (U+2146) for use in an mo element representing the differential operator symbol usually denoted by "d". The reasons for explicitly using this special character are similar to those for using the special characters for invisible operators described in the preceding section.
Notes on MathML - W3C on GitHub
MathML also includes DifferentialD (U+2146) for use in an mo element representing the differential operator symbol usually denoted by “d”.
Beginners guide to MathML - Useful Entites - Daniel I. Scully - Integration & Differentiation
Differential    ⅆ    ⅆ
TeX: Is there a short hand command to write derivatives?

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