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[几何] 环面分成三角

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hbghlyj Posted 2023-3-12 03:08 |Read mode
The Torus Triangulated 对(二维)环面 $\Bbb T$ 进行三角剖分的最有效方法如下: 这是一个(扭曲的)矩形,所有四个顶点 $A$ 都粘合在一起,两对相对边 $ABCA$ 和 $ADFA$ 粘合在一起。在这张图片中,对边相等且平行,尽管它们不是直的。平移该图可以密铺平面。如果您想使用七种颜色的正六边形瓷砖铺地板,这是一个很好的方法,方法是将每个瓷砖居中放置在三角形的顶点上
由dvi到svg转换dvisvgm --no-fonts torustri.dvi
从一页svg中截取图形:用Inkscape打开, 选中图形, 按!Invert selection, 按Del删除, 再选中图形, 按Ctrl+Shift+D, Fit to selection.

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 Author| hbghlyj Posted 2023-3-12 03:14
环面 $\chi=0$
如果还记得这题的证明, 可以看出, 顶点图是7-完全图, $v\ge7$取等

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 Author| hbghlyj Posted 2023-3-12 03:28

9个顶点的三角剖分

第一列3个正方形折起来, 成为三棱柱147-258
第二列3个正方形折起来, 成为三棱柱258-369
第三列3个正方形折起来, 成为三棱柱147-369
这3个三棱柱的底面相粘, 变成环形多面体, 每个面为四边形可以画对角线, 共得18个三角形.
1231456478971231123456789

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 Author| hbghlyj Posted 2023-3-12 03:49
Heawood number
For example, the complete graph on 7 vertices can be embedded in the torus as follows:
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 4 6 7 4 5 5
Happenings – 2011 Dec 10 Nash & Sen “Topology and Geometry for Physicists” ISBN 012-514081-9.

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 Author| hbghlyj Posted 2023-3-16 09:43
The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus

Discrete Differential Geometry p.21
to describe a torus using a simplicial complex we need at least 7 vertices, 21 edges, and 14 triangles

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