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$f(x)=\prod(x-\alpha)\in \mathbb Z[X]\to \prod(x-g(\alpha))\in \mathbb Z[x]$ ?

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Czhang271828 Posted 2023-3-25 18:12 |Read mode
一道或许很简单的问题: 若整系数首一多项式 $f(x)$ 在 $\mathbb C$ 上的因式分解为 $\prod_{i=1}^n (x-\alpha_i)$, 则对任意整系数多项式 $g$, 是否一定有
\[
\prod_{i=1}^n(x-g(\alpha_i))\in \mathbb Z[x]?
\]

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 Author| Czhang271828 Posted 2023-3-25 18:16
解答
$f(x)$ 自然是
\[
A:=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & \cdots & 0 & 1 \\ -d_0 & -d_1 & -d_2 & \ldots & -d_{n - 1}\end{pmatrix}\in \mathbb Z^{n\times n}\]
的特征多项式. 待验证的式子即 $g(A)$ 的特征多项式, 显然也是首一整系数的.

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