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一个与微分有关的题目!

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青青子衿 Posted 2013-10-19 16:57 |Read mode
Last edited by hbghlyj 2025-5-7 00:37 d01373f082025aaf27aa2607fbedab64024f1a65.jpg
\begin{align*}
& \tan \alpha=f'(x) \\
& \tan (\alpha+\Delta \alpha)=f'(x+\Delta x) \\
& \tan \Delta \alpha=\frac{\tan (\alpha+\Delta \alpha)-\tan \alpha}{1+\tan \alpha \tan (\alpha+\Delta \alpha)}=\frac{f'(x+\Delta x)-f'(x)}{1+f'(x) f'(x+\Delta x)} \\
& \Delta \alpha=\arctan \frac{f'(x+\Delta x)-f'(x)}{1+f'(x) f'(x+\Delta x)} \\
& \frac{\Delta \alpha}{\Delta x}=\frac{\arctan \frac{f'(x+\Delta x)-f'(x)}{1+f'(x) f'(x+\Delta x)}}{\Delta x} \tag1\\
&\tan \alpha=f'(x) \Rightarrow \alpha= \frac{\arctan f'(x)}{\Delta \alpha} \\
& \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta x}=\frac{f^{\prime \prime}(x)}{1+f'(x)^2}\tag2
\end{align*}
这两个答案是等价的吗?

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kuing Posted 2013-10-19 17:25
回复 1# 青青子衿

第一条式对;
第二条式不对,应改为 $\displaystyle\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{\Delta\alpha}{\Delta x}=\cdots$,或者 $\dfrac{\rmd\alpha}{\rmd x}=\cdots$。

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其妙 Posted 2013-10-19 17:38
回复 2# kuing
最后一个明明就是在求导(微商),青青还来变化率干嘛?
妙不可言,不明其妙,不着一字,各释其妙!

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kuing Posted 2013-10-19 17:48
第一条式取极限后亦为正确的第二条式。
\begin{align*}
&\lim_{\Delta x\to 0}\frac{\arctan \frac{f'(x+\Delta x)-f'(x)}{1+f'(x)f'(x+\Delta x)}}{\Delta x} \\
={}&\lim_{\Delta x\to 0}\frac{1}{1+f'(x)f'(x+\Delta x)}\cdot \lim_{\Delta x\to 0}\frac{\arctan \frac{\Delta x\cdot f''(x+\theta \Delta x)}{1+f'(x)f'(x+\Delta x)}}{\frac{\Delta x}{1+f'(x)f'(x+\Delta x)}} \\
={}&\frac{f''(x)}{1+\bigl(f'(x)\bigr)^2}.
\end{align*}
当然前提是二阶可导。

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icesheep Posted 2013-10-27 23:20
\[d\theta  = d\arctan \frac{{y'}}{{x'}} = \frac{{y''x' - x''y'}}{{x{'^2} + y{'^2}}}dt\]

令 x=t 就是楼主最后一行的东西

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其妙 Posted 2013-10-27 23:29
回复 5# icesheep
你来微分了

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