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[几何] 2018年天津卷理科第8题 向量内积

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isee posted 2018-6-8 23:45 |Read mode
Last edited by hbghlyj 2025-4-7 00:09来了来了,不过,不想算。。。



如图,在平面四边形$ABCD$中,$AB \bot BC$,$AD \bot CD$,$\angle BAD = 120^\circ $,$AB = AD = 1$. 若点$E$为边$CD$上的动点,则$\overrightarrow {AE}  \cdot \overrightarrow {BE} $ 的最小值为

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kuing posted 2018-6-9 01:21
不用怎么算啊,又用那啥就行了 $4\vv{EA}\cdot\vv{EB}=(\vv{EA}+\vv{EB})^2-(\vv{EA}-\vv{EB})^2$,下略。

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乌贼 posted 2018-6-9 03:03
211.png
\[ \vv{AE}\cdot\vv{BE}=AE\times EF=EM^2=EO^2-MO^2\geqslant (EN+NO)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=(1+\dfrac{1}{4})^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{21}{16} \]

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敬畏数学 posted 2018-6-10 13:26
回复 3# 乌贼
有见套路题(积化。。。。)

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original poster isee posted 2018-6-11 10:43
\[ \vv{AE}\cdot\vv{BE}=AE\times EF=EM^2=EO^2-MO^2\geqslant (EN+NO)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=(1+\dfrac{1}{4}) ...
乌贼 发表于 2018-6-9 03:03
这种切割线的构造实在是厉害

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original poster isee posted 2018-6-11 10:47
回复 2# kuing


然后咋办?

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original poster isee posted 2018-6-11 10:51
Last edited by isee 2022-3-4 23:27常规计算如下。

设$ED=x$,则
\begin{align*}
\vv {EA}\cdot\vv{EB}&=(\vv{ED}+\vv{DA})(\vv{EC}+\vv{CB})\\
&=\vv{ED}\cdot\vv{EC}+\vv{ED}\cdot\vv{CB}+\vv{DA}\cdot\vv{EC}+\vv{DA}\cdot\vv{CB}\\
&=-x(\sqrt 3-x)+\frac {\sqrt 3 x}2+0+\frac{3}2\\
&=\left(x-\frac {\sqrt 3}4\right)^2+\frac{21}{16}\\
&\geqslant \frac {21}{16}
\end{align*}

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色k posted 2018-6-11 11:12
回复 6# isee

然后还用我说?

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original poster isee posted 2018-6-11 11:16
回复 8# 色k

没理解到方向。。说吧。。

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original poster isee posted 2018-6-11 11:29
回复  isee

然后还用我说?
色k 发表于 2018-6-11 11:12

不要说取AB中点吧?然后此中点到CD距离最小?最后与3楼同质?

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色k posted 2018-6-11 11:39
回复 10# isee

当然啊

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游客 posted 2018-6-11 13:56
Last edited by hbghlyj 2025-4-6 21:47按乌贼的思路,还变成了基本不等式。
作 $\mathrm{BF} \perp \mathrm{CD}$ 于 $\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{BG} \perp \mathrm{DA}$ 于 G ,则:

\[
\begin{aligned}
& \overrightarrow{\mathrm{EA}} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mathrm{~EB}}=(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{ED}}+\overrightarrow{\mathrm{DA}}) \cdot \overrightarrow{\mathrm{EB}}=-\mathrm{ED} \cdot \mathrm{EF}+\mathrm{DA} \cdot \mathrm{DG}=\frac{3}{2}-\mathrm{ED} \cdot \mathrm{EF} . \\
& 4 \mathrm{ED} \cdot \mathrm{EF} \leqslant(\mathrm{ED}+\mathrm{EF})^2=\mathrm{BG}^2=\frac{3}{4}
\end{aligned}
\]
未命名.PNG

2楼的运算可以用上这个矩形。

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走走看看 posted 2022-3-4 10:07
回复 7# isee

$倒数第三行笔误,最后一个数字应是\frac{3}{2}$。

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走走看看 posted 2022-3-4 10:17
回复 10# isee

Kuing的意思是,用到AB中点F。这样就变成了$EF^2-AF^2$,而AF为定值,F点为定点,因此只要EF最小即可。

E是CD上的动点,所以EF的最小值是过F点向DC所作的垂线段长,设垂足为$G,EF(min)=FG=1+\frac{1}{2}×cos60°=\frac{5}{4}$。

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original poster isee posted 2022-3-4 23:27
回复 13# 走走看看

哎呀呀,真认真看了哇,论坛不少经典题~

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hbghlyj posted 2025-4-6 21:47

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