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[不等式] 一眼看尽`\cos m-\cos n`与`m-n`大小

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isee Posted 2021-8-12 01:17 |Read mode
Last edited by isee 2021-8-12 01:34若`m<n`,比较`\cos m-\cos n`与`m-n`大小.

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 Author| isee Posted 2021-8-12 16:25
作差\[\cos m-\cos n-m+n=\cos m-m-(\cos n-n),\]构造函数`f(x)=\cos x-x`,`f'(x)=-\sin x-1\leqslant 0`,即`f'(x)`是单调递减的.

于是`m<n\iff \cos m-m>\cos n-n \iff \cos m-\cos n>m-n`.

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kuing Posted 2021-8-12 16:49
还以为你会用和差化积……
\begin{align*}
\cos m-\cos n&=-2\sin\frac{m+n}2\sin\frac{m-n}2\\
&\geqslant-2\left| \sin\frac{m+n}2\sin\frac{m-n}2 \right|\\
&\geqslant-2\left| \sin\frac{m-n}2 \right|\\
&>-2\left| \frac{m-n}2 \right|\\
&=m-n.
\end{align*}

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aquae Posted 2022-1-2 18:18
不等号方向都反了······

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kuing Posted 2022-1-2 18:25
回复 4# aquae

没反啊

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战巡 Posted 2022-1-3 02:58
回复 1# isee

\[|\frac{\cos(m)-\cos(n)}{m-n}|=|\sin(\xi)|\le 1\]
其中$\xi\in (m,n)$

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kuing Posted 2022-1-3 13:56
回复 6# 战巡

右边取不了等号。

用拉格朗就要注意这一点,见:forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=3166

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战巡 Posted 2022-1-3 19:09
回复 7# kuing


我知道啊,只不过懒得写

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kuing Posted 2022-1-3 19:16

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