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关于曲线上一点的绕数

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hbghlyj Posted 2023-5-17 18:22 |Read mode
Last edited by hbghlyj 2023-5-24 11:07Lemma 6.5. 绕数只为不在曲线上的点定义
但我们可以将定义扩展到曲线上的点,看看会发生什么:
尝试计算圆 $\gamma(t)=1+\exp(it),t\in[0,2\pi]$ 关于圆上的点 0 的绕数$$I\left(\gamma, 0\right)=\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{\gamma} \frac{d z}{z}$$

WolframAlpha
  1. Integrate[I (Exp[I t]/(1 + Exp[I t])), {t, 0, 2 Pi}]
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Integral does not converge.
但Cauchy Principal Value仍然可以定义:
  1. N[Integrate[(I E^(I t))/(1 + E^(I t)), {t, 0, 2 Pi}, PrincipalValue -> True]]
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$$\int_{\gamma} \frac{d z}{z}=\pi i$$所以圆$\gamma$关于0的绕数是$\frac1{2\pi i}\times \pi i=\frac12$虽然它不是一个整数
可以从几何上理解:$0<\epsilon\ll1$
\[\arg(\epsilon i)-\arg(-\epsilon i)=\frac\pi2-(-\frac\pi2)=\pi\]
考虑一个点从圆内到圆上再到圆外,绕数从1到1/2再到0

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 Author| hbghlyj Posted 2023-5-17 18:59
Last edited by hbghlyj 2023-5-18 11:27ReIm

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