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[几何] 椭圆中斜率比值问题

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lemondian posted 2018-5-31 19:38 |Read mode
设椭圆C:$\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>b>0)$的左,右顶点为A,B,过右焦点F(c,0)作非水平直线L与椭圆C交于P,Q两点,记直线AP,BQ的斜率为$k1,k2$,求$\dfrac{k1}{k2}$的值。

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kuing posted 2018-5-31 19:43
这类结论早就被玩烂了吧……自己做吧……

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original poster lemondian posted 2018-5-31 21:14
回复 2# kuing

又玩烂了?那有类似的题目学习下吧。。。

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original poster lemondian posted 2018-6-1 09:10
终于算出来了!
设$l:x=ty+c,椭圆\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{a^2-c^2}=1,联立消去x,由韦达定理,再由k_1=\dfrac{y_1}{x_1+a}=\dfrac{y_1}{ty_1+c+a}$,
$k_2=\dfrac{y_2}{x_2-a}=\dfrac{y_2}{ty_2+c-a}$,代入化简可得:
$\dfrac{k_1}{k_2}=\dfrac{a-c}{a+c}$.
不过这个做法,运算相当麻烦,不知有没有更简单的做法?

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kuing posted 2018-6-1 13:13
简单方法当然是玩“伸缩变换”了。

注意到,当对整个图形沿 `y` 轴拉伸至原来的 `t` 倍时,所有直线的斜率亦都将变为原来的 `t` 倍,`k_1/k_2` 不变,由此可见,只需考虑将椭圆拉伸成圆的情形即可。

如图,连 `PB`,作 `EH\perp PA` 于 `H`:
捕获.PNG

\[\frac{k_{AP}}{k_{BQ}}=\frac{\tan\angle EAP}{\tan\angle EBQ}=\frac{\tan\angle EAP}{\tan\angle EPA}=\frac{HP}{HA}=\frac{EB}{EA},\]
回到原题,`E` 为焦点 `F`,所以 `k_1/k_2=(a-c)/(a+c)`。

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original poster lemondian posted 2018-6-1 15:12
回复 5# kuing

果然NB!
好象双曲线也有此结论,那么能否用“伸缩变换”处理,如何处理呢?

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kuing posted 2018-6-1 15:52
回复 6# lemondian

不知道

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isee posted 2018-6-1 19:05
对椭圆(从解析几何角度,双曲线亦如此)如何继续研究的话,会发现
(1)直线PA与直线BQ的交点在定直线(准线)上。
(2)记此交点为T,则直线TA,TB,TF三条直线的斜率为等差数列。

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力工 posted 2018-6-1 19:25
与交比应该有一腿,是啥子关系?

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kuing posted 2018-6-1 20:29
在论坛上搜索一下应该会有相关帖子

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original poster lemondian posted 2018-6-1 22:21
回复 8# isee


    第二个中,斜率顺序是不是弄错了?

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isee posted 2018-6-1 23:14
回复 11# lemondian

sorry,TF是中项。

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