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本帖最后由 hejoseph 于 2024-5-4 11:41 编辑 四面体 $ABCD$ 棱 $AB$ 的二面角记为 $\theta_{AB}$,$\triangle BCD$ 的界心记为 $J_A$,其余类推,则四面体 $ABCD$ 有棱切球的充要条件是以下条件的任意一个:
(1)$AB+CD=AC+BD=AD+BC$
(2)$\theta_{AB}+\theta_{CD}=\theta_{AC}+\theta_{BD}=\theta_{AD}+\theta_{BC}$
(3)直线 $AJ_A$、$BJ_B$、$CJ_C$、$DJ_D$ 共点
如果四顶点到棱切球的切线长是 $w$、$x$、$y$、$z$,四面体体积是 $V$,则棱切球半径为
\[
\frac{2wxyz}{3V}
\]
size(160);
import graph3;
import solids;
triple[] V={(0.33214474376987134308,0.0063045662452119366279,-0.11638888104327769458),(-0.21640646644897243587,0.35500439384402486794,-0.11638888104327769458),(-0.15612611367767092170,-0.34239526135360099468,-0.11638888104327769458),(0.040387836356772014494,-0.018913698735635809884,0.34916664312983308374)};
draw(V[0]--V[1]);
draw(V[0]--V[2]);
draw(V[1]--V[2]);
draw(V[0]--V[3]);
draw(V[1]--V[3]);
draw(V[2]--V[3]);
draw(surface(V[0]--V[1]--V[2]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[0]--V[1]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[1]--V[2]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[2]--V[0]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(sphere((0.00060280352771301514170,-0.0026364549752704462262,0.00023495644916058995052),0.21903451662115415023)),yellow);
还有下图的另外一种棱切球,红色区域为四面体内部,假设图中绿色区域所对的顶点为 $A$,则四面体 $ABCD$ 有这种棱切球的充要条件是以下条件的任意一个:
(1)$AB-CD=AC-BD=AD-BC$
(2)$\theta_{AB}-\theta_{CD}=\theta_{AC}-\theta_{BD}=\theta_{AD}-\theta_{BC}$
如果四顶点到棱切球的切线长是 $w$、$x$、$y$、$z$,四面体体积是 $V$,则棱切球半径为
\[
\frac{2wxyz}{3V}
\]
size(160);
import graph3;
import solids;
triple[] V={(0.38639706126404270583,-0.015891675246195377450,-0.19994003027003144124),(-0.16215414895480107312,0.33280815235261755386,-0.19994003027003144124),(-0.10187379618349955895,-0.36459150284500830876,-0.19994003027003144124),(-0.12236911612574207377,0.047675025738586132351,0.59982009081009432371)};
triple[] P={V[0]+1.4*(V[0]-V[3]),V[1]+1.4*(V[1]-V[3]),V[2]+1.4*(V[2]-V[3])};
draw(V[0]--V[1]);
draw(V[0]--V[2]);
draw(V[1]--V[2]);
draw(V[0]--V[3]);
draw(V[1]--V[3]);
draw(V[2]--V[3]);
draw(V[0]--P[0]);
draw(V[1]--P[1]);
draw(V[2]--P[2]);
draw(surface(V[0]--V[1]--V[2]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[0]--V[1]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[1]--V[2]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(V[2]--V[0]--V[3]--cycle),red+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(P[0]--V[0]--V[1]--P[1]--cycle),green+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(P[0]--V[0]--V[2]--P[2]--cycle),green+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(P[1]--V[1]--V[2]--P[2]--cycle),green+opacity(0.5));
draw(surface(sphere((0.054855121021884377895,-0.024832696466677760305,-0.73679972487333120401),0.56797300260624033329)),yellow); |
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